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The plasma bioavailability of nitrate and betanin from Beta vulgaris rubra in humans.
- Source :
-
European journal of nutrition [Eur J Nutr] 2017 Apr; Vol. 56 (3), pp. 1245-1254. Date of Electronic Publication: 2016 Feb 12. - Publication Year :
- 2017
-
Abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate the plasma bioavailability of betanin and nitric oxide (NOx) after consuming beetroot juice (BTJ) and whole beetroot (BF). BTJ and BF were also analysed for antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content (TPC) and betalain content.<br />Methods: Ten healthy males consumed either 250 ml of BTJ, 300 g of BF or a placebo drink, in a randomised, crossover design. Venous plasma samples were collected pre (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 h post-ingestion. Betanin content in BTJ, BF and plasma was analysed with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry detection (LCMS). Antioxidant capacity was estimated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and polyphenol content using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric methods [gallic acid equivalents (GAE)] and betalain content spectrophotometrically.<br />Results: TEAC was 11.4 ± 0.2 mmol/L for BTJ and 3.4 ± 0.4 μmol/g for BF. Both BTJ and BF contained a number of polyphenols (1606.9 ± 151 mg/GAE/L and 1.67 ± 0.1 mg/GAE/g, respectively), betacyanins (68.2 ± 0.4 mg/betanin equivalents/L and 19.6 ± 0.6 mg/betanin equivalents/100 g, respectively) and betaxanthins (41.7 ± 0.7 mg/indicaxanthin equivalents/L and 7.5 ± 0.2 mg/indicaxanthin equivalents/100 g, respectively). Despite high betanin contents in both BTJ (~194 mg) and BF (~66 mg), betanin could not be detected in the plasma at any time point post-ingestion. Plasma NOx was elevated above baseline for 8 h after consuming BTJ and 5 h after BF (P < 0.05).<br />Conclusions: These data reveal that BTJ and BF are rich in phytonutrients and may provide a useful means of increasing plasma NOx bioavailability. However, betanin, the major betalain in beetroot, showed poor bioavailability in plasma.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Antioxidants administration & dosage
Antioxidants pharmacokinetics
Betacyanins administration & dosage
Betacyanins blood
Betacyanins pharmacokinetics
Betalains administration & dosage
Betalains blood
Betaxanthins administration & dosage
Betaxanthins blood
Betaxanthins pharmacokinetics
Biological Availability
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Cross-Over Studies
Fruit and Vegetable Juices
Humans
Male
Nitrates administration & dosage
Nitrates blood
Nitric Oxide administration & dosage
Nitric Oxide blood
Nitric Oxide pharmacokinetics
Plant Roots chemistry
Polyphenols administration & dosage
Polyphenols blood
Polyphenols pharmacokinetics
Pyridines administration & dosage
Pyridines blood
Pyridines pharmacokinetics
Young Adult
Beta vulgaris chemistry
Betalains pharmacokinetics
Nitrates pharmacokinetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1436-6215
- Volume :
- 56
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- European journal of nutrition
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26873098
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1173-5