Clostridium difficile associated reactive arthritis: Case report and literature review.

Introduction: Extra-gastro-intestinal tract manifestations associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), including reactive arthritis (ReA), are uncommon.
Method: We report a case of ReA associated with a relapse of CDI in a 46-year-old woman. A toxigenic C. difficile strain was isolated from stools and characterized as PCR-ribotype 014/020/077. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of ReA associated with CDI (ReA-CDI). Diagnostic criteria for ReA-CDI were: (i) evidence of aseptic synovitis (confirmed by culture) developing during or immediately after colitis, (ii) presence of a toxigenic C. difficile strain in stool samples, and (iii) absence of other causes of colitis and arthritis.
Results: Forty-nine cases of ReA-CDI (excluding the present report) have already been described since 1976. Of these reports, Mean age of patients was 38 years (SD: 18.5), 46% were male, and 68% had HLA B27 genotype. Sixty-nine percent of patients received a β-lactamin treatment before CDI. ReA-CDI occurred a median 10 days (range 0-55 days) after CDI. Outcome was favorable in 90% of patients and oral non anti-inflammatory drugs were required for 55%.
Conclusion: ReA-CDI remains uncommon. Compared to the general population, it is more likely observed in younger patients with HLA B27-positive genotype.
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