Acute kidney injury and pneumothorax are risk factors for mortality in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in Thai neonates.

Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and complications, and identify the mortality risk factors, of infants with short-term persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).
Methods: The clinical data of infants diagnosed with PPHN at Hat Yai Hospital from January 2010 to February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with mortality.
Results: The records of 119 infants were analyzed. Of these, 47 died giving an in-hospital mortality rate of 39.5%. The prevalence of PPHN (based on inborn births) was 2.8 per 1000 live births. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 39.1 ± 1.6 weeks and 3044 ± 563 g, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that pneumothorax [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.07 (95% CI 1.09-3.93)] and acute kidney injury [adjusted HR = 2.99 (95% CI 1.59-5.61)] were factors associated independently with an increased risk for death, while infants who received total parenteral nutrition [adjusted HR = 0.22 (95% CI 0.10-0.50)] had lower mortality.
Conclusion: A high mortality rate of PPHN was observed in this study. Significantly higher mortality was noted in infants complicated with pneumothorax and acute kidney injury.