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Tumor-Associated Macrophages Provide Significant Prognostic Information in Urothelial Bladder Cancer.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2015 Jul 21; Vol. 10 (7), pp. e0133552. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jul 21 (Print Publication: 2015). - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Inflammation is an important feature of carcinogenesis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) can be associated with either poor or improved prognosis, depending on their properties and polarization. Current knowledge of the prognostic significance of TAMs in bladder cancer is limited and was investigated in this study. We analyzed 184 urothelial bladder cancer patients undergoing transurethral resection of a bladder tumor or radical cystectomy. CD68 (pan-macrophage marker), MAC387 (polarized towards type 1 macrophages), and CLEVER-1/Stabilin-1 (type 2 macrophages and lymphatic/blood vessels) were detected immunohistochemically. The median follow-up time was 6.0 years. High macrophage counts associated with a higher pT category and grade. Among patients undergoing transurethral resection, all studied markers apart from CLEVER-1/Stabilin-1 were associated with increased risk of progression and poorer disease-specific and overall survival in univariate analyses. High levels of two macrophage markers (CD68/MAC387+/+ or CD68/CLEVER-1+/+ groups) had an independent prognostic role after transurethral resection in multivariate analyses. In the cystectomy cohort, MAC387, alone and in combination with CD68, was associated with poorer survival in univariate analyses, but none of the markers were independent predictors of outcome in multivariate analyses. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that macrophage phenotypes provide significant independent prognostic information, particularly in bladder cancers undergoing transurethral resection.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Antigens, CD metabolism
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic metabolism
BCG Vaccine chemistry
Calgranulin B metabolism
Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal metabolism
Cohort Studies
Cystectomy
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Phenotype
Prognosis
Proportional Hazards Models
Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing metabolism
Macrophages metabolism
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms diagnosis
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms pathology
Urothelium pathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26197470
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133552