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Agent Orange Exposure and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) in Human Milk.
- Source :
-
Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology [Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol] 2015 Jun; Vol. 104 (3), pp. 129-39. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jul 20. - Publication Year :
- 2015
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Abstract
- Agent Orange was sprayed in parts of southern Vietnam during the U.S.-Vietnam war and was a mixture of two chlorophenoxy herbicides. The mixture was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). TCDD and other dioxins and furans are measurable in the milk of Vietnamese women. We explored whether the TCDD in milk from these women was from Agent Orange and whether lactational exposure can be a mode of transgenerational effects of TCDD from Agent Orange. A review of the world's literature on milk concentrations of polychlorinated compounds showed the presence of TCDD and other dioxins and furans in all countries that have been assessed. The congener profile of these chemicals, that is, the proportion of different congeners in the sample, can be used to assess the source of milk contamination. Measurements in most countries, including contemporary measurements in Vietnam, are consistent with non-Agent Orange exposure sources, including industrial activities and incineration of waste. Models and supporting human data suggest that TCDD from breastfeeding does not persist in a child past adolescence and that the adult body burden of TCDD is independent of whether the individual was breast- or bottle-fed as a child. These findings suggest that exposure to Agent Orange in Vietnam did not result in persistent transgenerational exposure through human milk.<br /> (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid chemistry
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid pharmacokinetics
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid chemistry
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid pharmacokinetics
Adult
Agent Orange
Environmental Pollutants chemistry
Female
Humans
Infant
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins chemistry
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins pharmacokinetics
Vietnam
2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid analysis
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid analysis
Environmental Exposure analysis
Environmental Pollutants analysis
Milk, Human chemistry
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1542-9741
- Volume :
- 104
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26195119
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.21145