Diffuse Interface Methods for Modeling Drug-Eluting Stent Coatings.

An overview of diffuse interface models specific to drug-eluting stent coatings is presented. Microscale heterogeneities, both in the coating and use environment, dictate the performance of these coatings. Using diffuse interface methods, these heterogeneities can be explicitly incorporated into the model equations with relative ease. This enables one to predict the complex microstructures that evolve during coating fabrication and subsequent impact on drug release. Examples are provided that illustrate the wide range of phenomena that can be addressed with diffuse interface models including: crystallization, constrained phase separation, hydrolytic degradation, and heterogeneous binding. Challenges associated with the lack of material property data and numerical solution of the model equations are also highlighted. Finally, in light of these potential drawbacks, the potential to utilize diffuse interface models to help guide product and process development is discussed.