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The sequence of prenatal growth restraint and post-natal catch-up growth leads to a thicker intima-media and more pre-peritoneal and hepatic fat by age 3-6 years.
- Source :
-
Pediatric obesity [Pediatr Obes] 2016 Aug; Vol. 11 (4), pp. 251-7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jul 01. - Publication Year :
- 2016
-
Abstract
- Background: Infants born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) who develop post-natal weight catch-up are at risk for insulin resistance, central adiposity and cardiovascular disease in later life, even in the absence of overweight.<br />Objective: In young (age 3-6 years) non-obese SGA children, we assessed arterial health (as judged by intima-media thickness [IMT]) and abdominal fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, preperitoneal and hepatic components by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and/or ultrasound [US]) besides a selection of endocrine markers.<br />Methods: Comparisons of measures in SGA (n = 27) vs. appropriate-for-GA (AGA) children (n = 19) of similar height, weight and body mass index. Longitudinal outcomes (age 3-6 years) were carotid IMT (cIMT); fasting glucose, circulating insulin, IGF-I and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin; abdominal fat partitioning by US. Cross-sectional outcomes (age 6 years) were aortic IMT (aIMT) and abdominal fat partitioning by MRI.<br />Results: At 3 and 6 years, cIMT and IGF-I results were higher and HMW adiponectin lower in SGA than AGA children; at 6 years, SGA subjects had also a thicker aIMT and more pre-peritoneal and hepatic fat, and were less insulin sensitive (all P values between <0.05 and <0.0001). cIMT correlated positively with pre-peritoneal fat, particularly at 6 years. Post-SGA status and weight gain in early childhood (between 3 and 6 years) were independent predictors of cIMT at 6 years, explaining 48 % of its variance.<br />Conclusion: SGA children aged 3-6 years were found to have a thicker intima- media and more pre-peritoneal and hepatic fat than AGA children of comparable size.<br /> (© 2015 World Obesity.)
- Subjects :
- Abdominal Fat diagnostic imaging
Adiponectin blood
Biomarkers blood
Blood Glucose
Body Mass Index
Child
Child, Preschool
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
Insulin Resistance
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism
Male
Weight Gain
Abdominal Fat physiopathology
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Child Development
Obesity, Abdominal physiopathology
Pediatric Obesity physiopathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2047-6310
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Pediatric obesity
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26132470
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12053