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Probing the Additional Capacity and Reaction Mechanism of the RuO2 Anode in Lithium Rechargeable Batteries.
- Source :
-
ChemSusChem [ChemSusChem] 2015 Jul 20; Vol. 8 (14), pp. 2378-84. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Jun 30. - Publication Year :
- 2015
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Abstract
- The structural changes and electrochemical behavior of RuO2 are investigated by using in situ XRD, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques to understand the electrochemical reaction mechanism of this metal oxide anode material. Intermediate phase-assisted transformation of RuO2 to LiRuO2 takes place at the start of discharge. Upon further lithiation, LiRuO2 formed by intercalation decomposes to nanosized Ru metal and Li2 O by a conversion reaction. A reversible capacity in addition to its theoretical capacity is observed on discharging below 0.5 V during which no redox activity involving Ru is observed. TEM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique are used to probe this additional capacity. The results show that the additional capacity is a result of Li storage in the grain boundary between nanosized Ru metal and Li2 O. Findings of this study provide a better understanding of the quantitative share of capacity by a unique combination of intercalation, conversion, and interfacial Li storage in a RuO2 anode.<br /> (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1864-564X
- Volume :
- 8
- Issue :
- 14
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- ChemSusChem
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 26130378
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201403488