Higher patency of transposed brachio-basilic arteriovenous fistulas compared to brachio-axillary grafts for hemodialysis patients.

Purpose: We compared outcomes of transposed brachio-basilic arteriovenous fistulas (BBAVF) with brachio-axillary prosthetic grafts (BAPG) for hemodialysis.
Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent creation of a BBAVF or a BAPG, in one of the two institutions, between January 2008 and December 2013 were retrospectively identified. We assessed functional patency and compared complication rates. Patency was also compared between one-stage and two-stage creation procedures for the BBAVF group.
Results: Two hundred and thirty-eight patients underwent the creation of a BBAVF (N = 136) or a BAPG (N = 102). Median follow-up was 17 months (range, 1-79). At 6, 12 and 24 months, patients in the BBAVF group had significantly higher primary patency (80%, 69%, 56% vs. 77%, 56%, 37%, respectively; p = 0.005), assisted primary patency (90%, 80%, 71% vs. 80%, 66%, 48%; p<0.0001) and secondary patency (93%, 84%, 72% vs. 94%, 87%, 62%; p = 0.006). Two-stage BBAVF had a significantly higher secondary patency (98%, 92%, 78% vs. 90%, 80%, 68%; p = 0.04) than one-stage BBAVF. The rate of infectious complications was significantly lower in the BBAVF group than in the BAPG group (0.8% vs. 6.9%; p = 0.03).
Conclusions: In this large cohort, BBAVF had a higher functional patency and lower rate of infectious complications than BAPG. After exhaustion of cephalic veins, we suggest creation of a BBAVF instead of BAPG, whenever anatomically feasible. The superiority of one-stage or two-stage BBAVF creation procedure must be further investigated.