Five-Year Metabolic, Functional, and Safety Results of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Transplanted With Allogenic Islets Within the Swiss-French GRAGIL Network.

Objective: To describe the 5-year outcomes of islet transplantation within the Swiss-French GRAGIL Network.
Research Design and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all subjects enrolled in the GRAGIL-1c and GRAGIL-2 islet transplantation trials. Parameters related to metabolic control, graft function, and safety outcomes were studied.
Results: Forty-four patients received islet transplantation (islet transplantation alone [ITA] 24 patients [54.5%], islet after kidney [IAK] transplantation 20 patients [45.5%]) between September 2003 and April 2010. Recipients received a total islet mass of 9,715.75 ± 3,444.40 IEQ/kg. Thirty-four patients completed a 5-year follow-up, and 10 patients completed a 4-year follow-up. At 1, 4, and 5 years after islet transplantation, respectively, 83%, 67%, and 58% of the ITA recipients and 80%, 70%, and 60% of the IAK transplant recipients reached HbA1c under 7% (53 mmol/mol) and were free of severe hypoglycemia, while none of the ITA recipients and only 10% of the IAK transplant recipients met this composite criterion at the preinfusion stage. Thirty-three of 44 patients (75%) experienced insulin independence during the entire follow-up period, with a median duration of insulin independence of 19.25 months (interquartile range 2-58). Twenty-nine of 44 recipients (66%) exhibited at least one adverse event; 18 of 55 adverse events (33%) were possibly related to immunosuppression; and complications related to the islet infusion (n = 84) occurred in 10 recipients (11.9%).
Conclusions: In a large cohort with a 5-year follow-up and in a multicenter network setting, islet transplantation was safe and efficient in restoring good and lasting glycemic control and preventing severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
(© 2015 by the American Diabetes Association. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.)