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256 × 2 SPAD line sensor for time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy.
- Source :
-
Optics express [Opt Express] 2015 Mar 09; Vol. 23 (5), pp. 5653-69. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- We present a CMOS chip 256 × 2 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) line sensor, 23.78 µm pitch, 43.7% fill factor, custom designed for time resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES). Integrating time-to-digital converters (TDCs) implement on-chip mono-exponential fluorescence lifetime pre-calculation allowing timing of 65k photons/pixel at 200 Hz line rate at 40 ps resolution using centre-of-mass method (CMM). Per pixel time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) histograms can also be generated with 320 ps bin resolution. We characterize performance in terms of dark count rate, instrument response function and lifetime uniformity for a set of fluorophores with lifetimes ranging from 4 ns to 6 ns. Lastly, we present fluorescence lifetime spectra of multicolor microspheres and skin autofluorescence acquired using a custom built spectrometer. In TCSPC mode, time-resolved spectra are acquired within 5 minutes whilst in CMM mode spectral lifetime signatures are acquired within 2 ms for fluorophore in cuvette and 200 ms for skin autofluorescence. We demonstrate CMOS line sensors to be a versatile tool for time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy by providing parallelized and flexible spectral detection of fluorescence decay.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1094-4087
- Volume :
- 23
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Optics express
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25836796
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.005653