Surgical treatment of adult moyamoya disease with combined STA-MCA bypass and EDAS: demonstration of technique in video presentation.

The natural history of Moyamoya disease (MD) is variable. Moyamoya disease in children mostly presents with progressive ischemic complications and in adulthood it tends to present with hemorrhage. Surgical strategies depend on augmenting cerebral blood flow to the anterior cerebral circulation. Revascularization is the mainstay treatment for MD. We introduce a 31 year old female with a history of MD and leftsided revascularization as a child, who presented with headache, confusion, and worsening left sided weakness. Cranial computed tomography (CT) showed a right sided putaminal hemorrhage. Cerebral angiogram with selective external runs revealed MD, hypoplastic parietal branch of the superficial temporal artery (STA) on the right side and previous revascularization on the left side. Thus, our decision was made to perform a bypass with the frontal branch of the STA to an M3-M4 segment of the middle cerebral artery and an encephaloduroarteriomyosynangiosis with the parietal branch of the STA. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Postoperative CT angiogram confirmed patency of bypass. This technique provides immediate revascularization and seems to provide risk reduction for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. We review the natural history and surgical treatment of MD along with a case presentation in which surgical technique is demonstrated in video.