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Antioxidative responses in zebrafish liver exposed to sublethal doses Aphanizomenon flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins.
- Source :
-
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2015 Mar; Vol. 113, pp. 425-32. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Dec 24. - Publication Year :
- 2015
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Abstract
- Aphanizomenon flos-aquae secretes paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs), termed aphantoxins, and endangers environmental and human health via eutrophication of water worldwide. Although the molecular mechanism of neuronal PSP toxicity has been well studied, several issues remain unresolved, notably the in vivo hepatic antioxidative responses to this neurotoxin. Aphantoxins extracted from a natural isolate of A. flos-aquae DC-1 were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography. The primary components were gonyautoxins 1 and 5 and neosaxitoxin. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were treated intraperitoneally with either 5.3 or 7.61 (low and high doses, respectively) μg saxitoxin (STX) equivalents (eq)/kg of A. flos-aquae DC-1 aphantoxins. Antioxidative responses in zebrafish liver were examined at different timepoints 1-24h post-exposure. Aphantoxin administration significantly enhanced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content 1-12h post-exposure, indicative of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. By contrast, levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in zebrafish liver declined significantly after 3-24h exposure, suggesting that GSH participates in MDA metabolism. A significant upregulation of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed, suggesting that aphantoxins induce lipid peroxidation in zebrafish liver and are likely to be hepatotoxic. Hepatic levels of MDA and GSH, and of the three enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), therefore provide potential biomarkers for studying environmental exposure to aphantoxins/PSPs from cyanobacterial blooms.<br /> (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Bacterial Toxins analysis
Catalase metabolism
Glutathione metabolism
Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation
Liver enzymology
Liver metabolism
Male
Malondialdehyde metabolism
Marine Toxins analysis
Oxidative Stress
Saxitoxin analogs & derivatives
Saxitoxin analysis
Superoxide Dismutase metabolism
Zebrafish metabolism
Antioxidants metabolism
Aphanizomenon chemistry
Bacterial Toxins toxicity
Liver drug effects
Marine Toxins toxicity
Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1090-2414
- Volume :
- 113
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25544652
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.12.029