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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for substance use disorders in relatives.
- Source :
-
Biological psychiatry [Biol Psychiatry] 2015 May 15; Vol. 77 (10), pp. 880-6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Oct 22. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Background: Previous research indicates that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly associated with substance use disorders (SUD). However, these studies have failed to clarify the nature of the overlap. The main aim of this study was to explore whether the overlap between ADHD and SUD could be explained by shared genetic and environmental factors or by harmful effects of ADHD medication.<br />Methods: We employed a matched cohort design across different levels of family relatedness recorded from 1973-2009. By linking longitudinal Swedish national registers, 62,015 ADHD probands and first-degree and second-degree relatives were identified and matched 1:10 with control subjects without ADHD and their corresponding relatives. Any record of SUD was defined by discharge diagnoses of the International Classification of Diseases or a purchase of any drug used in the treatment of SUD.<br />Results: First-degree relatives of ADHD probands were at elevated risk for SUD (odds ratios 2.2 and 1.8) compared with relatives of control subjects. The corresponding relative risk in second-degree relatives was substantially lower (odd ratios 1.4 and 1.4). The familial aggregation patterns remained similar for first-degree and second-degree relatives after excluding individuals with coexisting disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and conduct disorder.<br />Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the co-occurrence of ADHD and SUD is due to genetic factors shared between the two disorders, rather than to a general propensity for psychiatric disorders or harmful effects of ADHD medication.<br /> (Copyright © 2015 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Comorbidity
Family
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Odds Ratio
Registries
Risk Factors
Sensitivity and Specificity
Substance-Related Disorders genetics
Sweden
Young Adult
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology
Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-2402
- Volume :
- 77
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biological psychiatry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25457227
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.006