[Flexion and extension osteotomy of the proximal tibia. Indications and surgical technique].

Background: Isolated deviations in flexion and extension of the leg axis are rare. These deviations can be corrected if necessary by osteotomy and the range of motion (ROM) of the knee joint can be optimized. In addition to correction in the frontal plane, the tibial slope (i.e. inclination of the surface of the tibial joint) can also be influenced by osteotomy and therefore osteotomy can also be utilized to optimize the biomechanical stability of the knee joint.
Method: Careful planning taking all three spatial planes and torsion into consideration is the foundation of a successful operation. A controlled surgical technique based on careful planning and some basic principles allows the alteration of the three dimensional alignment of the tibia.