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Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses.
- Source :
-
The Journal of pathology [J Pathol] 2015 Jan; Vol. 235 (2), pp. 153-74. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Ebola viruses and Marburg viruses include some of the most virulent and fatal pathogens known to humans. These viruses cause severe haemorrhagic fevers, with case fatality rates in the range 25-90%. The diagnosis of filovirus using formalin-fixed tissues from fatal cases poses a significant challenge. The most characteristic histopathological findings are seen in the liver; however, the findings overlap with many other viral and non-viral haemorrhagic diseases. The need to distinguish filovirus infections from other haemorrhagic fevers, particularly in areas with multiple endemic viral haemorrhagic agents, is of paramount importance. In this review we discuss the current state of knowledge of filovirus infections and their pathogenesis, including histopathological findings, epidemiology, modes of transmission and filovirus entry and spread within host organisms. The pathogenesis of filovirus infections is complex and involves activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system, with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, endothelial dysfunction, alterations of the innate and adaptive immune systems, direct organ and endothelial damage from unrestricted viral replication late in infection, and coagulopathy. Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of filovirus infections has rapidly increased in the past few years, many questions remain unanswered.<br /> (Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Biopsy
Ebolavirus genetics
Ebolavirus immunology
Ebolavirus isolation & purification
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola diagnosis
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola epidemiology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola immunology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola transmission
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Marburg Virus Disease diagnosis
Marburg Virus Disease epidemiology
Marburg Virus Disease immunology
Marburg Virus Disease transmission
Marburgvirus genetics
Marburgvirus immunology
Marburgvirus isolation & purification
Pathology, Molecular methods
Predictive Value of Tests
Prognosis
Risk Factors
Virology methods
Virulence
Virus Internalization
Ebolavirus pathogenicity
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola pathology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola virology
Marburg Virus Disease pathology
Marburg Virus Disease virology
Marburgvirus pathogenicity
Viral Tropism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1096-9896
- Volume :
- 235
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of pathology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25297522
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4456