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Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi.

Authors :
Jiang X
Peery A
Hall AB
Sharma A
Chen XG
Waterhouse RM
Komissarov A
Riehle MM
Shouche Y
Sharakhova MV
Lawson D
Pakpour N
Arensburger P
Davidson VL
Eiglmeier K
Emrich S
George P
Kennedy RC
Mane SP
Maslen G
Oringanje C
Qi Y
Settlage R
Tojo M
Tubio JM
Unger MF
Wang B
Vernick KD
Ribeiro JM
James AA
Michel K
Riehle MA
Luckhart S
Sharakhov IV
Tu Z
Source :
Genome biology [Genome Biol] 2014 Sep 23; Vol. 15 (9), pp. 459. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Sep 23.
Publication Year :
2014

Abstract

Background: Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.<br />Results: Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.<br />Conclusions: The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1474-760X
Volume :
15
Issue :
9
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Genome biology
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
25244985
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0459-2