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Long-lasting recognition memory impairment and alterations in brain levels of cytokines and BDNF induced by maternal deprivation: effects of valproic acid and topiramate.
- Source :
-
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) [J Neural Transm (Vienna)] 2015 May; Vol. 122 (5), pp. 709-19. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Sep 03. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Exposure to stressful events early in life may have permanent deleterious consequences on nervous system function and increase the susceptibility to psychiatric conditions later in life. Maternal deprivation, commonly used as a source of neonatal stress, impairs memory in adult rats and reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins (IL) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been shown to be increased in the peripheral blood of patients with psychiatric disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of maternal separation on the levels of IL-10 and TNF-α, and BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rats. We also evaluated the potential ameliorating properties of topiramate and valproic acid on memory deficits and cytokine and BDNF changes associated with maternal deprivation. The results indicated that, in addition to inducing memory deficits, maternal deprivation increased the levels of IL-10 in the hippocampus, and TNF-α in the hippocampus and in the cortex, and decreased hippocampal levels of BDNF, in adult life. Neither valproic acid nor topiramate were able to ameliorate memory deficits or the reduction in BDNF induced by maternal separation. The highest dose of topiramate was able to reduce IL-10 in the hippocampus and TNF-α in the prefrontal cortex, while valproate only reduced IL-10 levels in the hippocampus. These findings may have implications for a better understanding of the mechanisms associated with alterations observed in adult life induced by early stressful events, and for the proposal of novel therapeutic strategies.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Exploratory Behavior drug effects
Exploratory Behavior physiology
Fructose analogs & derivatives
Fructose pharmacology
Hippocampus drug effects
Hippocampus growth & development
Male
Memory Disorders drug therapy
Memory Disorders etiology
Prefrontal Cortex drug effects
Prefrontal Cortex growth & development
Psychotropic Drugs pharmacology
Rats, Wistar
Recognition, Psychology drug effects
Recognition, Psychology physiology
Stress, Psychological drug therapy
Stress, Psychological etiology
Stress, Psychological metabolism
Topiramate
Valproic Acid pharmacology
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism
Cytokines metabolism
Hippocampus metabolism
Maternal Deprivation
Memory Disorders metabolism
Prefrontal Cortex metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1435-1463
- Volume :
- 122
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25182413
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1303-2