Impact of smoking on trauma patients.

Background: The harmful effects of smoking have been well-documented in the medical literature for decades. To further the support of smoking cessation, we investigate the effect of smoking on a less studied population, the trauma patient.
Methods: All trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit at the LAC + University of Southern California medical center between January 2007 and December 2011 were included. Patients were stratified into two groups - current smokers and non-smokers. Demographics, admission vitals, comorbidities, operative interventions, injury severity indices, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II scores were documented. Uni- and multi-variate modeling was performed. Outcomes studied were mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of hospitalization.
Results: A total of 1754 patients were available for analysis, 118 (6.7%) patients were current smokers. The mean age was 41.4±20.4, 81.0% male and 73.5% suffered blunt trauma. Smokers had a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (4.2% vs. 0.9%, p=0.007) and alcoholism (20.3% vs. 5.9%, p<0.001), but had a significantly lower APACHE II score. After multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant mortality difference. Patients who smoked spent more days mechanically ventilated (beta coefficient: 4.96 [1.37, 8.55, p=0.007]).
Conclusion: Smoking is associated with worse outcome in the critically ill trauma patient. On an average, smokers spent 5 days longer requiring mechanical ventilation than non-smokers.