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Pathophysiology of blast-induced ocular trauma in rats after repeated exposure to low-level blast overpressure.
- Source :
-
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology [Clin Exp Ophthalmol] 2015 Apr; Vol. 43 (3), pp. 239-46. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Sep 13. - Publication Year :
- 2015
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Abstract
- Background: The incidence of blast-induced ocular injury has dramatically increased due to advances in weaponry and military tactics. A single exposure to blast overpressure (BOP) has been shown to cause damage to the eye in animal models; however, on the battlefield, military personnel are exposed to BOP multiple times. The effects of repeated exposures to BOP on ocular tissues have not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of single or repeated exposure on ocular tissues.<br />Methods: A compressed air shock tube was used to deliver 70 ± 7 KPa BOP to rats, once (single blast overpressure [SBOP]) or once daily for 5 days (repeated blast overpressure [RBOP]). Immunohistochemistry was performed to characterize the pathophysiology of ocular injuries induced by SBOP and RBOP. Apoptosis was determined by quantification activated caspase 3. Gliosis was examined by detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Inflammation was examined by detection of CD68.<br />Results: Activated caspase 3 was detected in ocular tissues from all animals subjected to BOP, while those exposed to RBOP had more activated caspase 3 in the optic nerve than those exposed to SBOP. GFAP was detected in the retinas from all animals subjected to BOP. CD68 was detected in optic nerves from all animals exposed to BOP.<br />Conclusion: SBOP and RBOP induced retinal damage. RBOP caused more apoptosis in the optic nerve than SBOP, suggesting that RBOP causes more severe optic neuropathy than SBOP. SBOP and RBOP caused gliosis in the retina and increased inflammation in the optic nerve.<br /> (© 2014 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Antigens, CD metabolism
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic metabolism
Apoptosis
Blast Injuries metabolism
Caspase 3 metabolism
Eye Injuries metabolism
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism
Gliosis metabolism
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Male
Optic Nerve Injuries metabolism
Rats
Rats, Long-Evans
Air Pressure
Blast Injuries physiopathology
Disease Models, Animal
Eye Injuries physiopathology
Gliosis physiopathology
Optic Nerve Injuries physiopathology
Retina injuries
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1442-9071
- Volume :
- 43
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical & experimental ophthalmology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25112787
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12407