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Palladium nanoparticles induce disturbances in cell cycle entry and progression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells: paramount role of ions.
- Source :
-
Journal of immunology research [J Immunol Res] 2014; Vol. 2014, pp. 295092. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jul 03. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- There is concern about the possible toxicity of palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NP), as they are released in the environment through many applications. We previously studied the toxicity of Pd-NP at high concentrations; here we address the possible toxicity of Pd-NP at low, subtoxic doses. In particular, we have exposed normal human PBMC entering into the first in vitro mitotic division to Pd-NP and to Pd(IV) ions to evaluate ROS generation and cell cycle progression. We have measured a statistically significant increase of intracellular ROS in Pd(IV) exposed cells, but not in Pd-NP exposed cells. TEM revealed accumulation of lipid droplets and autophagic and mitophagic vacuoles, which appeared more conspicuous in cells exposed to Pd(IV) ions than to Pd-NP. Pd-NP were visible in the cytoplasm of Pd-NP exposed cells. Pd-NP addition was associated with a significant increase of cells within the G0/G1-phase and a significant reduction in GS- and G2/M-phases. Cells exposed to Pd(IV) ions showed a significant amplification of these cell cycle alterations. These results suggest that ions, per se or released by NPs, are the true inducers of Pd toxicity. It will be essential to verify whether the observed disturbance represents a temporary response or might result in permanent alterations.
- Subjects :
- Humans
Intracellular Space metabolism
Ions administration & dosage
Ions toxicity
Leukocytes, Mononuclear ultrastructure
Palladium toxicity
Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism
Cell Cycle drug effects
Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects
Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism
Nanoparticles
Palladium administration & dosage
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2314-7156
- Volume :
- 2014
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of immunology research
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25105151
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/295092