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Analysis of drugs of abuse in human plasma by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography.
- Source :
-
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT [J Appl Toxicol] 2015 Apr; Vol. 35 (4), pp. 418-25. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Aug 04. - Publication Year :
- 2015
-
Abstract
- Opioids and cocaine are widely used at present, both for recreational purposes and as drugs of abuse. This raises the need to develop new analytical methods specifically designed for the simultaneous detection of several drugs of abuse in biological samples. In this work, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was assessed as a new sample treatment for the simultaneous extraction of morphine (MOR), 6-acetylmorphine (6AM), cocaine (COC), benzoylecgonine (BZE) and methadone (MET) from human plasma. Preliminary assays were done before developing an experimental design based on a Uniform Network Doehlert which allowed the optimum extraction conditions to be identified, namely: a volume of extractant solvent (chloroform) and dispersant solvent (acetonitrile) of 220 µl and 3.2 ml, respectively; 0.2 g of NaCl as a salting-out additive; pH 10.6 and ultrasound stirring for 3.5 min. The resulting extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA), using an XBridge® RP18 column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm particle size). Calibration graphs were linear over the concentration range 0.1-10 µg ml⁻¹, and detection limits ranged from 13.9 to 28.5 ng ml⁻¹. Precision calculated at three different concentration levels in plasma was included in the range 0.1-6.8% RSD. Recoveries of the five drugs were all higher than 84% on average. Finally the proposed method was successfully applied to 22 plasma samples from heroin, cocaine and/or methadone users, and the most frequently detected drug was benzoylecgonine, followed by methadone, cocaine and morphine.<br /> (Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Subjects :
- Analytic Sample Preparation Methods
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
Cocaine analogs & derivatives
Cocaine chemistry
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Illicit Drugs chemistry
Limit of Detection
Liquid Phase Microextraction
Methadone chemistry
Methadone therapeutic use
Morphine chemistry
Morphine Derivatives blood
Morphine Derivatives chemistry
Photometry
Reproducibility of Results
Solubility
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Substance-Related Disorders drug therapy
Ultrasonics methods
Cocaine blood
Illicit Drugs blood
Methadone blood
Morphine blood
Opiate Substitution Treatment
Substance Abuse Detection
Substance-Related Disorders blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1099-1263
- Volume :
- 35
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25091865
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.3035