[Prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors among the Spanish prison population].

Background: chronic diseases are responsible for 60% of deaths and 75% of spending on public health. There are few works on the prevalence of this type of pathology in prison.
Objective: Describe the prevalence of chronic major diseases in the population and the major risk factors observed.
Methods: Multicenter transversal descriptive study. The sample size was 1,170 people, who were selected through sampling stratified with simple allocation by strata among 9 prisons in the country. There were interviews and physical examinations between May and June 2013. Variables were collected: socio-demographic, diagnostic, anthropometric, clinical-analytical and risk factors. A descriptive and subsequent comparative analysis was carried out using non-parametric tests for quantitative variables using the Mann-Whitney test and a Ji-square test for categorical variables. Subsequently, binary logistic regression models to evaluate the influence of factors of risk in major pathologies. The manuscript was approved by the Ethics Committee for clinical research of the University General Hospital of Castellon.
Results: 1 of every 2 inmates has some type of chronic disease out of the 1,077 participated (92.1). Median age of 37.4 years IQR (30.0 to 44.8). 95 males, 40.6 foreigners. Prevalence: dyslipidemias (34.8); arterial hypertension (17.8); Diabetes (5.3); asthma (4.6); COPD (2.2); ischaemic heart disease (1.8) and (1.5) cardio-circulatory pathologies. Main risk factors: smoking, obesity, abdominal fat distribution, consumption of cocaine and age.
Conclusions: It would be interesting to establish early diagnosis, encourage giving up smoking, and physical activity and dietary advice to combat the major modifiable risk factors.