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Extended genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus and frequency of genotypes and subtypes in cattle in Italy between 1995 and 2013.
- Source :
-
BioMed research international [Biomed Res Int] 2014; Vol. 2014, pp. 147145. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jun 22. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has distinguished BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 species and an emerging putative third species (HoBi-like virus), recently detected in southern Italy, signaling the occurrence of natural infection in Europe. Recognizing the need to update the data on BVDV genetic variability in Italy for mounting local and European alerts, a wide collection of 5' UTR sequences (n = 371) was selected to identify the frequency of genotypes and subtypes at the herd level. BVDV-1 had the highest frequency, followed by sporadic BVDV-2. No novel HoBi-like viruses were identified. Four distribution patterns of BVDV-1 subtypes were observed: highly prevalent subtypes with a wide temporal-spatial distribution (1b and 1e), low prevalent subtypes with a widespread geographic distribution (1a, 1d, 1g, 1h, and 1k) or a restricted geographic distribution (1f), and sporadic subtypes detected only in single herds (1c, 1j, and 1l). BVDV-1c, k, and l are reported for the first time in Italy. A unique genetic variant was detected in the majority of herds, but cocirculation of genetic variants was also observed. Northern Italy ranked first for BVDV introduction, prevalence, and dispersion. Nevertheless, the presence of sporadic variants in other restricted areas suggests the risk of different routes of BVDV introduction.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease genetics
Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease virology
Cattle
Cattle Diseases virology
Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral pathogenicity
Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral pathogenicity
Genotype
Italy
Phylogeny
Cattle Diseases genetics
Diarrhea Virus 1, Bovine Viral genetics
Diarrhea Virus 2, Bovine Viral genetics
Genetic Variation
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2314-6141
- Volume :
- 2014
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BioMed research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25045658
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/147145