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Determination of psychostimulants and their metabolites by electrochemistry linked on-line to flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow mass spectrometry.
Determination of psychostimulants and their metabolites by electrochemistry linked on-line to flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow mass spectrometry.
- Source :
-
The Analyst [Analyst] 2014 Sep 07; Vol. 139 (17), pp. 4350-5. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- The flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) ion source operates in the ambient atmosphere and has been proven to be a promising tool for direct and rapid determination of numerous compounds. Here we linked a FAPA-MS system to an electrochemical flow cell for the identification of drug metabolites generated electrochemically in order to study simulated metabolic pathways. Psychostimulants and their metabolites produced by electrochemistry (EC) were detected on-line by FAPA-MS. The FAPA source has never been used before for an on-line connection with liquid flow, neither for identification of products generated in an electrochemical flow cell. The system was optimized to achieve the highest ionization efficiency by adjusting several parameters, including distances and angles between the ion source and the outlet of the EC system, the high voltage for plasma generation, flow-rates, and EC parameters. Simulated metabolites from tested compounds [methamphetamine (MAF), para-methoxy-N-methylamphetamine (PMMA), dextromethorphan (DXM), and benzydamine (BAM)] were formed in the EC cell at various pH levels. In all cases the main products were oxidized substrates and compounds after N-demethylation. Generation of such products and their thorough on-line identification confirm that the cytochrome P450 - driven metabolism of pharmaceuticals can be efficiently simulated in an electrochemical cell; this approach may serve as a step towards predictive pharmacology using a fast and robust design.
- Subjects :
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents metabolism
Atmospheric Pressure
Benzydamine metabolism
Central Nervous System Stimulants metabolism
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism
Dextromethorphan metabolism
Electrochemical Techniques instrumentation
Equipment Design
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists metabolism
Humans
Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Methamphetamine analogs & derivatives
Methamphetamine metabolism
Methylation
Oxidation-Reduction
Anti-Inflammatory Agents analysis
Benzydamine analysis
Central Nervous System Stimulants analysis
Dextromethorphan analysis
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists analysis
Mass Spectrometry instrumentation
Methamphetamine analysis
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1364-5528
- Volume :
- 139
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Analyst
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 25010982
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c3an02067c