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Ceramic water filters impregnated with silver nanoparticles as a point-of-use water-treatment intervention for HIV-positive individuals in Limpopo Province, South Africa: a pilot study of technological performance and human health benefits.
- Source :
-
Journal of water and health [J Water Health] 2014 Jun; Vol. 12 (2), pp. 288-300. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Waterborne pathogens present a significant threat to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This study presents a randomized, controlled trial that evaluates whether a household-level ceramic water filter (CWF) intervention can improve drinking water quality and decrease days of diarrhea in PLWH in rural South Africa. Seventy-four participants were randomized in an intervention group with CWFs and a control group without filters. Participants in the CWF arm received CWFs impregnated with silver nanoparticles and associated safe-storage containers. Water and stool samples were collected at baseline and 12 months. Diarrhea incidence was self-reported weekly for 12 months. The average diarrhea rate in the control group was 0.064 days/week compared to 0.015 days/week in the intervention group (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney). Median reduction of total coliform bacteria was 100% at enrollment and final collection. CWFs are an acceptable technology that can significantly improve the quality of household water and decrease days of diarrhea for PLWH in rural South Africa.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Ceramics therapeutic use
Cryptosporidiosis epidemiology
Cryptosporidiosis parasitology
Cryptosporidiosis prevention & control
Cryptosporidium isolation & purification
Diarrhea epidemiology
Diarrhea microbiology
Diarrhea parasitology
Drinking Water microbiology
Drinking Water parasitology
Enterobacteriaceae isolation & purification
Enterobacteriaceae Infections epidemiology
Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology
Enterobacteriaceae Infections prevention & control
Feces microbiology
Feces parasitology
Female
HIV Seropositivity epidemiology
HIV Seropositivity virology
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pilot Projects
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Rural Population
Silver chemistry
South Africa epidemiology
Young Adult
Diarrhea prevention & control
Drinking Water analysis
Filtration methods
Metal Nanoparticles chemistry
Water Purification methods
Water Quality
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1477-8920
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of water and health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24937223
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.185