Magnetic seizure therapy-induced mania: a report of 2 cases.

Background: Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a novel brain stimulation modality used to treat refractory depression through the induction of seizures. It is currently being investigated as a potential alternative treatment to electroconvulsive therapy. To our knowledge, there have not been any previous reports of MST-induced mania.
Objective: We aim to describe 2 cases of patients with a major depressive episode who developed acute symptoms of mania during a course of MST.
Methods: The current report describes 2 cases of mania that occurred in the context of an ongoing open-label study of MST in treatment-resistant depression. The MST was administered 2 or 3 times per week and applied directly over the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Treatment is administered until patients achieve remission or a maximum of 24 treatments. A MagVenture Twin coil and MST stimulator were used for treatment. The center of each coil was placed over F3 and F4 according to the 10-20 electroencephalography system.
Results: Patient 1 had developed manic symptoms precipitously after the sixth MST treatment, and patient 2 developed manic symptoms after the 23rd MST treatment. In both patients, the MST treatment course was stopped. Their manic symptoms resolved rapidly with pharmacotherapy after cessation of MST treatments.
Conclusions: As with electroconvulsive therapy, switches to mania or hypomania should be considered as potential adverse effects of MST.