[Medical monitoring and maintaining safety of cosmonauts on long-duration missions].

The paper considers key methodical, logistics and tactical aspects of enhancing cosmonaut's medical monitoring to ensure crew safety in long-duration space mission. Activities toward extension of the diagnostic capabilities included hardware development, choice of examination procedures and defining the content of physiological information that would be necessary and sufficient for evaluation, including in real-time, of the cardiovascular system function and capacity, planning functional tests procedures as close as possible to the generally accepted clinical protocols used in selection of candidates for cosmonauts, and pre- and post-flight examination; refining the objective criteria of test tolerance and termination, and end-of-mission LBNP training tolerance and effectiveness; constructing a fundamentally new structure for medical telemetry data acquisition and processing at the Moscow Mission Control Center (MCC-M).