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Hippocampal neuropathology of domoic acid-induced epilepsy in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus).
- Source :
-
The Journal of comparative neurology [J Comp Neurol] 2014 May 01; Vol. 522 (7), pp. 1691-706. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are abundant human-sized carnivores with large gyrencephalic brains. They develop epilepsy after experiencing status epilepticus when naturally exposed to domoic acid. We tested whether sea lions previously exposed to DA (chronic DA sea lions) display hippocampal neuropathology similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Hippocampi were obtained from control and chronic DA sea lions. Stereology was used to estimate numbers of Nissl-stained neurons per hippocampus in the granule cell layer, hilus, and pyramidal cell layer of CA3, CA2, and CA1 subfields. Adjacent sections were processed for somatostatin immunoreactivity or Timm-stained, and the extent of mossy fiber sprouting was measured stereologically. Chronic DA sea lions displayed hippocampal neuron loss in patterns and extents similar but not identical to those reported previously for human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Similar to human patients, hippocampal sclerosis in sea lions was unilateral in 79% of cases, mossy fiber sprouting was a common neuropathological abnormality, and somatostatin-immunoreactive axons were exuberant in the dentate gyrus despite loss of immunopositive hilar neurons. Thus, hippocampal neuropathology of chronic DA sea lions is similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.<br /> (Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Age Factors
Animals
Cell Count
Chronic Disease
Epilepsy chemically induced
Epilepsy metabolism
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe pathology
Female
Functional Laterality
Hippocampus drug effects
Hippocampus metabolism
Humans
Kainic Acid toxicity
Male
Neurons drug effects
Neurons metabolism
Neurons pathology
Organ Size
Sclerosis chemically induced
Sclerosis metabolism
Sclerosis pathology
Sclerosis veterinary
Sex Factors
Somatostatin metabolism
Species Specificity
Epilepsy pathology
Epilepsy veterinary
Hippocampus pathology
Kainic Acid analogs & derivatives
Marine Toxins toxicity
Sea Lions metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1096-9861
- Volume :
- 522
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Journal of comparative neurology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24638960
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23509