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Device-based brain stimulation to augment fear extinction: implications for PTSD treatment and beyond.
- Source :
-
Depression and anxiety [Depress Anxiety] 2014 Apr; Vol. 31 (4), pp. 269-78. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Mar 13. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Conditioned fear acquisition and extinction paradigms have been widely used both in animals and humans to examine the neurobiology of emotional memory. Studies have also shown that patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit deficient extinction recall along with dysfunctional activation of the fear extinction network, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. A great deal of overlap exists between this fear extinction network and brain regions associated with symptom severity in PTSD. This suggests that the neural nodes of fear extinction could be targeted to reduce behavioral deficits that may subsequently translate into symptom improvement. In this article, we discuss potential applications of brain stimulation and neuromodulation methods, which, combined with a mechanistic understanding of the neurobiology of fear extinction, could be used to further our understanding of the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and develop novel therapeutic tools. To this end, we discuss the following stimulation approaches: deep-brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. We propose new translational research avenues that, from a systems neuroscience perspective, aim to expand our understanding of circuit dynamics and fear processing toward the practical development of clinical tools, to be used alone or in combination with behavioral therapies.<br /> (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Deep Brain Stimulation methods
Humans
Rats
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation methods
Vagus Nerve Stimulation methods
Brain physiopathology
Electric Stimulation Therapy methods
Extinction, Psychological physiology
Fear physiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic physiopathology
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation methods
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-6394
- Volume :
- 31
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Depression and anxiety
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24634247
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22252