Nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate reconstruction in ductal carcinoma in situ: a critical assessment with 41 patients.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly popular for the treatment of select breast cancers and prophylactic mastectomy. This study aimed to analyze the authors' 11-year experience with NSM and breast reconstruction in cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with an emphasis on indications, complications, and cancer recurrence rate.
Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2010, 41 NSMs were performed in 41 women for DCIS. The mean age of the women was 49.7±8.7 years (range, 33-66 years). The indications for NSM were tumor size greater than 3 cm (18 cases), multifocal tumor (16 cases), and tumor recurrence (7 cases). In all cases, the tumor was located more than 2 cm from the nipple-areola complex (NAC), as shown by preoperative radiologic imaging. Histologic results, secondary NAC resection, complications, and cancer recurrence rates were recorded.
Results: The NAC was lost in seven cases (17%) due to postoperative necrosis. In another 10 patients (25%), the NAC was secondarily removed due to proximity of the tumor to the resection margin. Five patients were lost to follow-up evaluation (12%). The authors report the long-term follow-up data for the remaining 19 patients (46%). In this group, they observed one local recurrence (5.3%) and one case of ovarian cancer.
Conclusion: Despite the low locoregional recurrence rate for DCIS, NSM remains controversial because of the nipple necrosis observed and the irradical tumor excisions. Given the ethical impossibility of conducting randomized controlled studies to compare NSM with conventional or skin-sparing mastectomy in DCIS, only long-term follow-up evaluations can demonstrate the safety of NSM.
Level of Evidence Iv: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .