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Use of porcine vaginal tissue ex-vivo to model environmental effects on vaginal mucosa to toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.
- Source :
-
Toxicology and applied pharmacology [Toxicol Appl Pharmacol] 2014 Jan 15; Vol. 274 (2), pp. 240-8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Dec 10. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is a rare, recognizable, and treatable disease that has been associated with tampon use epidemiologically. It involves a confluence of microbial risk factors (Staphylococcus aureus strains that produce the superantigen-TSST-1), as well as environmental characteristics of the vaginal ecosystem during menstruation and host susceptibility factors. This paper describes a series of experiments using the well-characterized model of porcine vaginal mucosa ex-vivo to assess the effect of these factors associated with tampon use on the permeability of the mucosa. The flux of radiolabeled TSST-1 and tritiated water ((3)H2O) through porcine vaginal mucosa was determined at various temperatures, after mechanical disruption of the epithelial surface by tape stripping, after treatment with surfactants or other compounds, and in the presence of microbial virulence factors. Elevated temperatures (42, 47 and 52°C) did not significantly increase flux of (3)H2O. Stripping of the epithelial layers significantly increased the flux of labeled toxin in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of benzalkonium chloride (0.1 and 0.5%) and glycerol (4%) significantly increased the flux of (3)H2O but sodium lauryl sulfate at any concentration tested did not. The flux of the labeled toxin was significantly increased in the presence of benzalkonium chloride but not Pluronic® L92 and Tween 20 and significantly increased with addition of α-hemolysin but not endotoxin. These results show that the permeability of porcine vagina ex-vivo to labeled toxin or water can be used to evaluate changes to the vaginal environment and modifications in tampon materials, and thus aid in risk assessment.<br /> (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects
Epithelial Cells drug effects
Epithelial Cells metabolism
Female
Hemolysin Proteins toxicity
In Vitro Techniques
Lipopolysaccharides isolation & purification
Lipopolysaccharides metabolism
Mucous Membrane pathology
Risk Factors
Salmonella typhimurium metabolism
Shock, Septic microbiology
Shock, Septic pathology
Staphylococcus aureus
Surface-Active Agents pharmacology
Swine
Temperature
Vagina pathology
Virulence Factors toxicity
Bacterial Toxins toxicity
Enterotoxins toxicity
Mucous Membrane drug effects
Superantigens toxicity
Vagina drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1096-0333
- Volume :
- 274
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxicology and applied pharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24333258
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.021