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Immunomodulatory effects in the spleen-injured mice following exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
- Source :
-
Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A [J Biomed Mater Res A] 2014 Oct; Vol. 102 (10), pp. 3562-72. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Nov 16. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Immune injuries following the exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) have been greatly concerned along with the TiO₂ NPs are widely used in pharmacology and daily life. However, very little is known about the immunomodulatory mechanisms in the spleen-injured mice due to TiO₂ NPs exposure. In this study, mice were continuously exposed to 2.5, 5, or 10 TiO₂ NPs mg kg(-1) body weight for 90 days with intragastric administration to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanisms in the spleen. The findings showed that TiO₂ NPs exposure resulted in significant increases in spleen and thymus indices, and titanium accumulation, in turn led to histopathological changes and splenocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, the exposure of TiO₂ NPs could significantly increase the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-2, Eotaxin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interferon-γ, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-13, interferon-γ-inducible protein-10, migration inhibitory factor, CD69, major histocompatibility complex, protein tyrosine phosphatase, protein tyrosine kinase 1, basic fibroblast growth factor, Fasl, and GzmB expression, whereas markedly decrease the levels of NKG2D, NKp46, 2B4 expression involved in immune responses, lymphocyte healing and apoptosis. These findings would better understand toxicological effects induced by TiO₂ NPs exposure.<br /> (© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Apoptosis drug effects
Body Weight drug effects
Chemokines metabolism
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Female
Gene Expression Regulation drug effects
Inflammation Mediators metabolism
Mice
Organ Specificity drug effects
RNA, Messenger genetics
RNA, Messenger metabolism
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Spleen drug effects
Spleen pathology
Titanium administration & dosage
Immunologic Factors pharmacology
Nanoparticles chemistry
Spleen immunology
Spleen injuries
Titanium pharmacology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1552-4965
- Volume :
- 102
- Issue :
- 10
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24243549
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.35034