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μLC-ICP-MS determinations of unexposed UK urinary arsenic speciation reference values.
- Source :
-
Journal of analytical toxicology [J Anal Toxicol] 2014 Jan-Feb; Vol. 38 (1), pp. 24-30. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Nov 01. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- This study provides background levels for five arsenic species in urine, based on urinary data obtained from 95 nonoccupationally exposed volunteers based in the UK. Using a novel, sensitive, robust and reliable speciation methodology, five species of arsenic (arsenobetaine [AB], arsenite [As(3+)], arsenate [As(5+)], monomethylarsonic acid [MMA(5+)] and dimethylarsinic acid [DMA(5+)]) were determined in urine samples collected from 95 adults. The analytical instrumentation used to analyze the urine samples was a hyphenated micro liquid chromatography (μLC) system coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Separation was achieved using an anion exchange micro-sized column. The results presented give the 95th percentile of concentrations, both uncorrected for creatinine (µg/L) and creatinine corrected (µmol/mol) in urine for the 95 volunteers. Statistical analysis was performed on the dataset using a Bayesian model to determine and quantify effects of gender, smoking and diet. The statistical results show that the consumption of fish, shellfish and red wine has a significant elevating effect on AB, DMA and MMA urinary concentrations; however, no significant effect was observed for smoking. The regression model results indicate that creatinine correction was effective for arsenic species As(3+), MMA, DMA and AB. The background levels established here can be used as reference values to help aid interpretation of arsenic speciation results and better assess exposure.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1945-2403
- Volume :
- 38
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of analytical toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 24187062
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkt090