A new neurophysiological approach to assess central motor conduction damage to proximal and distal muscles of lower limbs.

Objective: To develop a neurophysiological method to explore central motor pathways to proximal and distal muscles of lower limbs.
Methods: MEPs to transcranial magnetic stimulation using the double cone coil were bilaterally and simultaneously recorded from vastus medialis, tibialis anterior and flexor hallucis brevis. Voluntary facilitation was controlled using a predefined sequence of movements of constant amplitude. Compound motor action potentials elicited by maximal high voltage electrical stimulation of lumbosacral roots (root-CMAPs) were recorded from the same muscles to obtain the corresponding peripheral conduction times. We studied 28 healthy subjects and 28 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with no or mild motor impairment.
Results: The described facilitation procedure and the averaging of 5 MEPs reduced area variability to about 10%. In MS patients conduction slowing and/or MEP area reduction in at least one muscle was found in 91.7% of cases, with significant correlation with individual motor impairment.
Conclusions: Combined use of stable MEPs and maximal root-CMAPs was able to detect both conduction slowing and conduction failure in central motor pathways to proximal and distal districts of lower limbs in MS patients.
Significance: The proposed method provides an extensive electrophysiological mapping of central motor impairment of lower limbs in clinical application.
(Copyright © 2013 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)