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Controversies in the prophylaxis and treatment of postsurgical pericardial syndromes: a critical review with a special emphasis on paediatric age.
- Source :
-
Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.) [J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)] 2014 Dec; Vol. 15 (12), pp. 847-54. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Postsurgical pericardial syndromes are common complications after cardiac surgery; however, their treatment is not well established yet. We reviewed the accuracy and limits of clinical trials of prophylaxis and treatment of these diseases to identify an evidence-based therapeutic approach. We performed a literature search in the National Library of Medicine using the keywords pericardial effusion, cardiac surgery and paediatric/congenital. The research was then redefined adding separately the keywords postpericardiotomy syndrome, NSAIDs, steroids and colchicine. We found 12 clinical trials (eight for the prophylaxis and four regarding treatment), testing three major agent classes: NSAIDs, corticosteroids and colchicine. Therapy is generally based on NSAID with or without steroids with the adjunct of colchicine for recurrences. Only a few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults support NSAID therapy. Efficacy of steroids has been proved only in small paediatric works, whereas no studies are available for colchicine. Studies furthermore presented some limitations: not univocal endpoints (not allowing for a meta-analysis), a limited sample size, scarce attention to confounders (such as the underlying cardiac disease and diuretic/analgesic regimen). Moreover, different agents were not assessed, nor when to start therapy. More evidence (two wide RCT plus a meta-analysis) supports the role of colchicine for prophylaxis in adults. Prophylaxis with NSAID/corticosteroids instead failed to have significant advantage in children, whereas a few data are available for adults. Evidence for the treatment of postsurgical pericardial syndromes is incomplete, making it difficult to understand when to treat and which agent to employ, especially in children.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adrenal Cortex Hormones adverse effects
Age Factors
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal adverse effects
Child
Child, Preschool
Colchicine adverse effects
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Pericardial Effusion etiology
Pericardiectomy adverse effects
Risk Factors
Syndrome
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult
Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use
Cardiac Surgical Procedures adverse effects
Colchicine therapeutic use
Pericardial Effusion prevention & control
Pericardial Effusion therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1558-2035
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23846676
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.2459/JCM.0b013e328362c5b5