Implant periapical lesion--a review and a case report with histological evaluation.

Objective: Information of implant periapical lesion(IPL) is insufficient by now. The aim of this review is to analyze the possible causes of IPL and to find out the proper treatment protocol.
Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out (up to June 2012) using relevant search terms in PUBMED. And a case of IPL with histological evaluation is reported.
Results: The IPL is accompanied by the radiolucency around the apex of the implant and usually presents symptoms of red, pain, tenderness, swelling, or fistulous tract. It may occur due to infection, overheating, poor bone quality of the implant site, etc. Debridement is considered as the crucial procedure of the treatment, and the prognosis is normally good when assessed by clinical parameters and radiograph.
Conclusion: The causes of IPL seem to be multifactorial. Most of the cases are connected with pre-existing infection. Elimination of the infection is the only consensus of the treatment protocols.
(© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)