[Models of oncogenesis: an endless world?].

From the second part of the 20th century, our knowledge of tumor biology widely benefited of tremendous progress in genetics (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, chromosomal abnormalities, etc), then in complex epigenetic process that regulates gene expression. Other players have entered the field of oncology and are now considered for their potential therapeutic interest: energetic metabolism, cancer stem cells as sources of tumor recurrence, microenvironment and above all intratumor heterogeneity. A better understanding of these domains of fundamental oncology should not mask the notion that a tumor is a living entity, which obeys the rules of Darwinian evolution.