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Early exercise protects the blood-brain barrier from ischemic brain injury via the regulation of MMP-9 and occludin in rats.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2013 May 24; Vol. 14 (6), pp. 11096-112. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 May 24. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Early exercise within 24 h after stroke can reduce neurological deficits after ischemic brain injury. However, the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain poorly understood. Ischemic brain injury disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then triggers a cascade of events, leading to secondary brain injury and poor long-term outcomes. This study verified the hypothesis that early exercise protected the BBB after ischemia. Adult rats were randomly assigned to sham, early exercise (EE) or non-exercise (NE) groups. The EE and NE groups were subjected to ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The EE group ran on a treadmill beginning 24 h after ischemia, 30 min per day for three days. After three-days' exercise, EB extravasation and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the integrity of the BBB. Neurological deficits, cerebral infarct volume and the expression of MMP-9, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and occludin were determined. The data indicated that early exercise significantly inhibited the ischemia-induced reduction of occludin, and an increase in MMP-9 promoted TIMP-1 expression (p < 0.01), attenuated the BBB disruption (p < 0.05) and neurological deficits (p < 0.01) and diminished the infarct volume (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that the neuroprotection conferred by early exercise was likely achieved by improving the function of the BBB via the regulation of MMP-9 and occludin.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Blood-Brain Barrier ultrastructure
Brain Injuries complications
Brain Injuries enzymology
Brain Ischemia complications
Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials complications
Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials pathology
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery complications
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery enzymology
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery pathology
Male
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 metabolism
Up-Regulation
Blood-Brain Barrier pathology
Brain Injuries pathology
Brain Ischemia enzymology
Brain Ischemia pathology
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 metabolism
Occludin metabolism
Physical Conditioning, Animal
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 14
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23708107
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140611096