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Attention and inhibition in children with ASD, ADHD and co-morbid ASD + ADHD: an event-related potential study.
- Source :
-
Psychological medicine [Psychol Med] 2014 Apr; Vol. 44 (5), pp. 1101-16. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 May 15. - Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Background: Substantial overlap has been reported between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Deficits in executive function (EF) are characteristic of both disorders but these impairments have not been compared directly across pure and co-morbid cases using event-related potentials (ERPs).<br />Method: Behavioural parameters and ERPs were recorded during a flankered cued-continuous performance test (CPT-OX) administered to 8-13-year-old boys with ASD (n = 19), ADHD (n = 18), co-morbid ASD + ADHD (n = 29) and typically developing controls (TD; n = 26). Preparatory processing (contingent negative variation, CNV) and attentional orienting (Cue-P3) at cues, response execution at targets (Go-P3), inhibitory processing at non-targets (NoGo-P3) and conflict monitoring between target and non-target trials (Go-N2 v. NoGo-N2) were examined.<br />Results: Categorical diagnoses and quantitative trait measures indicated that participants with ADHD (ADHD/ASD + ADHD) made more omission errors and exhibited increased reaction-time (RT) variability and reduced amplitude of the Cue-P3 and NoGo-P3 compared to TD/ASD participants. Participants with ASD (ASD/ ASD + ADHD) demonstrated reduced N2 enhancement from Go to NoGo trials compared to TD/ADHD participants. Participants with ASD-only displayed enhanced CNV amplitude compared to ASD + ADHD and TD participants.<br />Conclusions: Children with ADHD show deficits in attentional orienting and inhibitory control whereas children with ASD show abnormalities in conflict monitoring and response preparation. Children with co-morbid ASD + ADHD present as an additive co-occurrence with deficits of both disorders, although non-additive effects are suggested for response preparation. Measuring ERPs that index attention and inhibition is useful in disentangling cognitive markers of ASD and ADHD and elucidating the basis of co-occurring ASD + ADHD to guide clinical assessment.
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology
Child
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive epidemiology
Comorbidity
Contingent Negative Variation physiology
Event-Related Potentials, P300 physiology
Humans
Male
Attention physiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology
Child Development Disorders, Pervasive physiopathology
Evoked Potentials physiology
Inhibition, Psychological
Psychomotor Performance physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1469-8978
- Volume :
- 44
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Psychological medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23673307
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001049