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Microbe-independent entry of oomycete RxLR effectors and fungal RxLR-like effectors into plant and animal cells is specific and reproducible.
- Source :
-
Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI [Mol Plant Microbe Interact] 2013 Jun; Vol. 26 (6), pp. 611-6. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- A wide diversity of pathogens and mutualists of plant and animal hosts, including oomycetes and fungi, produce effector proteins that enter the cytoplasm of host cells. A major question has been whether or not entry by these effectors can occur independently of the microbe or requires machinery provided by the microbe. Numerous publications have documented that oomycete RxLR effectors and fungal RxLR-like effectors can enter plant and animal cells independent of the microbe. A recent reexamination of whether the RxLR domain of oomycete RxLR effectors is sufficient for microbe-independent entry into host cells concluded that the RxLR domains of Phytophthora infestans Avr3a and of P. sojae Avr1b alone are NOT sufficient to enable microbe-independent entry of proteins into host and nonhost plant and animal cells. Here, we present new, more detailed data that unambiguously demonstrate that the RxLR domain of Avr1b does show efficient and specific entry into soybean root cells and also into wheat leaf cells, at levels well above background nonspecific entry. We also summarize host cell entry experiments with a wide diversity of oomycete and fungal effectors with RxLR or RxLR-like motifs that have been independently carried out by the seven different labs that coauthored this letter. Finally we discuss possible technical reasons why specific cell entry may have been not detected by Wawra et al. (2013).
- Subjects :
- Algal Proteins genetics
Algal Proteins metabolism
Amino Acid Motifs physiology
Animals
Fungal Proteins genetics
Fungal Proteins metabolism
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Protein Transport
Reproducibility of Results
Glycine max microbiology
Triticum microbiology
Virulence Factors genetics
Virulence Factors metabolism
Oomycetes physiology
Phytophthora infestans physiology
Glycine max physiology
Triticum physiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 0894-0282
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI
- Publication Type :
- Report
- Accession number :
- 23550528
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-02-13-0051-IA