[Genetic approaches to nutrition personalization].

The paper presents the results of studies conducted in recent years, which show that nutrients and bioactive food components, directly or indirectly regulate the functional activity of genes influencing gene transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. A definition of "nutrigenomics" - the science that emerged at the turn of nutrition and genetics, and studies the relationship of human nutrition with the characteristics of its genome in order to understand how food affects gene expression, and ultimately, on human health. It is shown that the cellular and molecular level, nutrients, first serving as a ligand, the receptors are transcription factors, and secondly, as a substrate or intermediate metabolites are incorporated into metabolic pathways whose products control the expression of genes and, thirdly, positive or negative effect on signaling pathways. We present results of their research, which characterize the rate of prevalence of polymorphisms of genes that are markers of risk for obesity. On the basis of domestic and foreign studies concluded that genetic markers can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of alimentary-dependent diseases such as obesity, and as well as a predictor for the development of a personalized diet and forecast its performance.