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Does neonatal morphine use affect neuropsychological outcomes at 8 to 9 years of age?
- Source :
-
Pain [Pain] 2013 Mar; Vol. 154 (3), pp. 449-458. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Dec 20. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- Morphine is widely used to treat severe pain in neonatal intensive care unit patients. Animal studies suggest adverse long-term side effects of neonatal morphine, but a follow-up study of 5-year-old children who participated in a morphine-placebo controlled trial as newborns found no such effects on the child's general functioning. This study indicated that morphine may negatively affect response inhibition, a domain of executive functions. Therefore, we performed a second follow-up study in the same population at the age of 8 to 9 years, focused on the child's general functioning in terms of intelligence, visual motor integration, and behavior and on executive functions. Children in the morphine group showed significantly less externalizing problems according to the parents but more internalizing behavior according to the teachers, but only after adjustment for intelligence quotient (IQ), potential confounders using a propensity score, and additional open-label morphine. Morphine-treated children showed significantly fewer problems with executive functions in daily life as rated by parents for the subscales inhibition and organization of materials and for planning/organizing as rated by the teachers. After adjustment for IQ and the propensity score, executive functioning as rated by the parents remained statistically significantly better in the morphine-treated group. The influence of the additional morphine given was not of a significant influence for any of the outcome variables. Overall, the present study demonstrates that continuous morphine infusion of 10 μg/kg/h during the neonatal period does not harm general functioning and may even have a positive influence on executive functions at 8 to 9 years.<br /> (Copyright © 2012 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Birth Weight
Child
Follow-Up Studies
Gestational Age
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infant, Premature
Infant, Premature, Diseases drug therapy
Intensive Care, Neonatal
Morphine therapeutic use
Narcotics therapeutic use
Neuropsychological Tests
Pain, Postoperative drug therapy
Parents psychology
Pilot Projects
Problem Solving drug effects
Child Behavior drug effects
Executive Function drug effects
Intelligence drug effects
Morphine adverse effects
Narcotics adverse effects
Pain drug therapy
Psychomotor Performance drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-6623
- Volume :
- 154
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Pain
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23352760
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.12.006