Cutaneous idiopathic hyperchromia of the orbital region (CIHOR): a histopathological study.

Background: Dark circles under or around the eyes is a cosmetic problem for a large number of people. It is a condition of unknown etiology characterized by the darkening of the eyelids and periorbital skin. The aim of this study was to determine histopathological changes associated with cutaneous idiopathic hyperchromia of the orbital region (CIHOR).
Methods: Twenty-eight adult patients with CIHOR were consecutively selected for the study. Biopsy specimens were taken from the darkened skin of the eyelid and from the normal retroauricular skin as a control.
Results: Hemosiderin was absent in all cases. The increase in melanin content in the papillary dermis was slight in mild clinical cases and moderate in both the moderate and severe clinical cases of CIHOR. Mild dilation of blood vessels was observed in the papillary dermis at the different clinical levels of CIHOR severity, while in the reticular dermis, blood vessels showed moderate dilation and few melanophages were found.
Conclusion: An increase in melanin content was the most marked histological change in specimens of darkened skin. Dilation of dermal blood vessels may contribute to the severity of CIHOR. Hemosiderin was not observed in any case.
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