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Emerging novel functions of the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes.

Authors :
Wong BW
Kuchnio A
Bruning U
Carmeliet P
Source :
Trends in biochemical sciences [Trends Biochem Sci] 2013 Jan; Vol. 38 (1), pp. 3-11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Nov 28.
Publication Year :
2013

Abstract

Oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs) target hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α subunits for proteasomal degradation in normoxia through hydroxylation. Recently, novel mechanisms of PHD activation and function have been unveiled. Interestingly, PHD3 can unexpectedly amplify HIF signaling through hydroxylation of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK) muscle isoform 2 (PKM2). Recent studies have also yielded insight into HIF-independent PHD functions, including the control of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor trafficking in synaptic transmission and the activation of transient receptor potential cation channel member A1 (TRPA1) ion channels by oxygen levels in sensory nerves. Finally, PHD activation has been shown to involve the iron chaperoning function of poly(rC) binding protein (PCBP)1 and the (R)-enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). The intersection of these regulatory pathways and interactions highlight the complexity of PHD regulation and function.<br /> (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
0968-0004
Volume :
38
Issue :
1
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Trends in biochemical sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
23200187
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2012.10.004