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The effect of roots and media constituents on trichomes and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L.
- Source :
-
Plant cell reports [Plant Cell Rep] 2013 Feb; Vol. 32 (2), pp. 207-18. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Oct 20. - Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- KEY MESSAGE : Rooting of Artemisia annua increases trichome size on leaves and helps drive the final steps of the biosynthesis of the sesquiterpene antimalarial drug, artemisinin. Artemisia annua produces the antimalarial drug, artemisinin (AN), which is synthesized and stored in glandular trichomes (GLTs). In vitro-grown A. annua shoots produce more AN when they form roots. This may be a function not of the roots, but rather media components such as the phytohormones, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), or salts and sucrose used to maintain either rooted or unrooted shoot cultures. We investigated how three main media components altered artemisinic metabolite production, pathway gene transcripts, and GLT formation in both mature and developing leaves in rooted and unrooted cultures. Although transcript levels of AN biosynthetic genes were not altered, AN levels were significantly different, and there were major differences in both artemisinic metabolite levels and trichomes in mature versus developing leaves. For example, NAA induced higher AN production in rooted shoots, but only in mature leaves. In developing leaves, BAP increased GLT density on the leaf surface. When both phytohormones were present, GLTs were larger on young developing leaves, but smaller on mature leaves. Furthermore, although other media components increased GLT density, their size decreased on young leaves, but there was no effect on mature leaves. Roots also appeared to drive conversion of artemisinic precursors towards end products. These results suggest that, while the presence of roots affects AN and trichome production, phytohormones and other media constituents used for in vitro culture of A. annua also exert an influence.
- Subjects :
- Antimalarials chemistry
Artemisia annua drug effects
Artemisia annua genetics
Artemisia annua growth & development
Artemisinins chemistry
Benzyl Compounds
Biomass
Culture Media
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Kinetin metabolism
Naphthaleneacetic Acids metabolism
Plant Epidermis drug effects
Plant Epidermis genetics
Plant Epidermis growth & development
Plant Epidermis metabolism
Plant Growth Regulators pharmacology
Plant Leaves drug effects
Plant Leaves genetics
Plant Leaves growth & development
Plant Leaves metabolism
Plant Roots drug effects
Plant Roots genetics
Plant Roots growth & development
Plant Shoots drug effects
Plant Shoots genetics
Plant Shoots growth & development
Plant Shoots metabolism
Purines
RNA, Messenger genetics
RNA, Plant genetics
Sesquiterpenes chemistry
Sesquiterpenes metabolism
Antimalarials metabolism
Artemisia annua metabolism
Artemisinins metabolism
Plant Growth Regulators metabolism
Plant Roots metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1432-203X
- Volume :
- 32
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Plant cell reports
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 23085820
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-012-1355-4