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Cytokine immunopathogenesis of enterovirus 71 brain stem encephalitis.
- Source :
-
Clinical & developmental immunology [Clin Dev Immunol] 2012; Vol. 2012, pp. 876241. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Aug 23. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important causes of herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease. It can also cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Brain stem encephalitis with pulmonary edema is the severe complication that can lead to death. EV71 replicates in leukocytes, endothelial cells, and dendritic cells resulting in the production of immune and inflammatory mediators that shape innate and acquired immune responses and the complications of disease. Cytokines, as a part of innate immunity, favor the development of antiviral and Th1 immune responses. Cytokines and chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis EV71 brain stem encephalitis. Both the CNS and the systemic inflammatory responses to infection play important, but distinctly different, roles in the pathogenesis of EV71 pulmonary edema. Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and milrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to modulate inflammation, to reduce sympathetic overactivity, and to improve survival in patients with EV71 autonomic nervous system dysregulation and pulmonary edema.
- Subjects :
- Brain Stem pathology
Cytokines blood
Cytokines cerebrospinal fluid
Encephalitis, Viral diagnosis
Encephalitis, Viral therapy
Enterovirus A, Human pathogenicity
Enterovirus Infections diagnosis
Enterovirus Infections therapy
Humans
Immunoglobulins, Intravenous therapeutic use
Immunomodulation
Brain Stem virology
Cytokines metabolism
Encephalitis, Viral immunology
Enterovirus A, Human immunology
Enterovirus Infections immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1740-2530
- Volume :
- 2012
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical & developmental immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22956971
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/876241