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Isoform-specific alanine aminotransferase measurement can distinguish hepatic from extrahepatic injury in humans.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular medicine [Int J Mol Med] 2012 Nov; Vol. 30 (5), pp. 1241-9. Date of Electronic Publication: 2012 Aug 23. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is used as a clinical marker to detect hepatic damage and hepatoxicity. Two isoforms of ALT have been identified, ALT1 and ALT2, which have identical enzymatic capacities and are detected simultaneously in human serum/plasma using classical clinical chemical assays. Differences exist in the expression patterns of the ALT1 and ALT2 proteins in different organs which suggest that changes in the proportion of ALT1 and ALT2 in plasma may arise and reflect damage to different human organs. However, this has not been previously studied due to the lack of a selective methodology that can quantify both ALT1 and ALT2 isoforms in the total ALT activity normally measured in clinical samples. To the best of our knowledge, our current study reveals for the first time, that under 3 different conditions of liver damage (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C and during liver surgery) the leakage of ALT1 activity into plasma greatly exceeds that of ALT2, and that the measurement of ALT1 during liver damage is equal to the measurement of total ALT activity. By contrast, during skeletal muscle injury, induced in volunteers by physical exertion, the leakage of ALT2 exceeds that of ALT1 and the proportion of circulating ALT isoforms changes accordingly. The ALT isoform changes occurring in plasma reflect previously demonstrated relative contents of ALT1 and ALT2 activities in human liver and skeletal muscle. These data suggest that assessing the percentage contribution of ALT1 and ALT2 activities to total ALT activity in plasma may distinguish hepatic from extrahepatic injury using the same standard analytical platform.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Biomarkers blood
Case-Control Studies
Diagnosis, Differential
Fatty Liver pathology
Female
Hepatitis C, Chronic pathology
Humans
Liver enzymology
Liver pathology
Liver surgery
Liver Neoplasms blood
Liver Neoplasms surgery
Male
Middle Aged
Muscle, Skeletal pathology
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Physical Exertion
Protein Isoforms blood
Young Adult
Alanine Transaminase blood
Fatty Liver blood
Hepatitis C, Chronic blood
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1791-244X
- Volume :
- 30
- Issue :
- 5
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22922605
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2012.1106