A role for estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β in collagen biosynthesis in mouse skin.

Hormonal regulation of the dermal collagenous extracellular matrix has a key role in maintaining proper tissue homeostasis. However, the factors and pathways involved in this process are not fully defined. This study investigated the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the regulation of collagen biosynthesis in mice lacking either ERα or ERβ. Collagen content was significantly increased in the skin of ERα(-/-) mice, as measured by acetic acid extraction and the hydroxyproline assay, and correlated with the decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-15 and elevated collagen production by ERα(-/-) fibroblasts. In contrast, collagen content was decreased in the skin of ERβ(-/-) mice, despite markedly increased collagen production by ERβ(-/-) fibroblasts. However, expression of several MMPs, including MMP-8 and -15, was significantly elevated, suggesting increased degradation of dermal collagen. Furthermore, ERβ(-/-) mice were characterized by significantly reduced levels of small leucine proteoglycans, lumican (Lum), and decorin (Dcn), leading to defects in collagen fibrillogenesis and possibly less stable collagen fibrils. ERα(-/-) mice also exhibited fibrils with irregular structure and size, which correlated with increased levels of Lum and Dcn. Together, these results demonstrate distinct functions of ERs in the regulation of collagen biosynthesis in mouse skin in vivo.