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Episodic hemorrhage during honeybee venom anaphylaxis: potential mechanisms.
- Source :
-
Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology [J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol] 2012; Vol. 22 (4), pp. 237-44. - Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Episodic hemorrhage is not a typical symptom of anaphylactic reaction to insect stings. Cases of reactions to honeybee (HB) sting or venom immunotherapy in which the uterus is the main target organ are very rare. Hemorrhage can be induced by HB venom components, especially melittin, which interfere with complement cleavage and bradykinin release. Both mechanisms are directly or indirectly associated with coagulation, thrombolysis, hemolysis, and smooth muscle tone. Induction of episodic hemorrhage through pathway destabilization in a defective bradykinin system or vulnerable organ may not be compensated by appropriate regulatory mechanisms. The pathological role of effectors is generally offset by the interaction of various regulatory systems, and the probability of hemorrhage is minimized thanks to this compensatory capability. In endometrial bleeding, the uterus becomes more vulnerable as a result of postmenstrual vascular fragility and additional induction of anaphylaxis-related uterine contractions. Episodic hemorrhage, especially metrorrhagia, as a consequence of HB venom activity may be suspected by an allergologist, but not by a physician. Melittin-free or recombinant allergens of HB venom, as well as modulators of the biochemical systems involved, could help to reduce the likelihood of hemorrhage. However, further investigation is required before these strategies can be introduced in clinical practice.
- Subjects :
- Anaphylaxis immunology
Animals
Bee Venoms adverse effects
Bites and Stings
Bradykinin immunology
Complement System Proteins immunology
Female
Humans
Insect Bites and Stings complications
Insect Bites and Stings immunology
Melitten adverse effects
Metrorrhagia etiology
Metrorrhagia immunology
Uterus immunology
Anaphylaxis complications
Bee Venoms immunology
Bees immunology
Insect Bites and Stings physiopathology
Melitten immunology
Metrorrhagia physiopathology
Uterus physiopathology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1018-9068
- Volume :
- 22
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 22812191